Psychodynamic therapy focuses on understanding recurring patterns in a person’s inner world and relationships, including thoughts, emotions, self-concept, and lived experiences. This approach is rooted in the understanding that our past continues to shape our present, often outside of conscious awareness. Therapy explores how early relationships and formative experiences influence current emotional life, relational dynamics, and ways of coping.

Drawing from psychoanalytic traditions that emerged in the late nineteenth century, psychodynamic therapy emphasizes the role of unconscious processes, internal conflicts, and early relational experiences. From this perspective, meaningful and lasting change occurs through insight—by bringing awareness to patterns and motivations that operate beneath the surface of everyday experience.

As individuals develop this understanding, they are able to relate to themselves and others with greater flexibility, depth, and emotional freedom. In this approach, the therapist serves as a thoughtful, non-directive partner and guide, remaining open to the meanings and possibilities that emerge from unconscious material rather than imposing predetermined solutions. Research suggests that psychodynamic therapy not only helps reduce symptoms, but also supports ongoing psychological growth, with benefits that often continue after therapy has ended.

Narrative therapy is a collaborative, strengths-based approach that focuses on the stories people hold about themselves, their relationships, and their lives. It is shaped by the understanding that meaning is created through language, culture, and social context, and that difficulties are often sustained by dominant narratives that limit how a person understands who they are and what is possible.

Developed in the late twentieth century by Michael White and David Epston, narrative therapy draws from post-structural, social constructionist, and community-based traditions. Rather than viewing problems as inherent to the individual, this approach emphasizes separating people from the problems they are experiencing, creating space to examine challenges without allowing them to define identity.

In narrative therapy, the therapist takes a collaborative, non-expert role, supporting people in reclaiming authorship of their own stories. By strengthening alternative narratives rooted in values, skills, and lived resilience, this approach supports lasting change through increased agency, meaning, and self-trust. Narrative therapy is widely recognized as an effective and empowering modality, particularly for those impacted by trauma, identity concerns, and systemic or relational stressors.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a trauma-informed therapy that helps the brain process and integrate distressing memories so they no longer feel overwhelming in the present. EMDR is based on the understanding that the brain naturally moves toward balance and healing, and that symptoms reflect the nervous system’s adaptive responses to experiences that have not yet had the opportunity to fully integrate.

EMDR works with the whole brain and body rather than relying solely on verbal or cognitive processing. Through bilateral stimulation, such as guided eye movements, working memory is engaged in a way that reduces the emotional intensity of painful memories and allows them to be reorganized and held with less distress. This process supports bottom-up regulation, helping the body experience safety and agency in ways that counter the helplessness and dysregulation often associated with trauma.

Developed in the late twentieth century by Francine Shapiro, EMDR is one of the most extensively researched treatments for trauma-related distress. It is effective for post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, phobias, and substance use concerns, supporting lasting change by helping the brain complete its natural healing processes.

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) is a structured, evidence-based therapy used primarily to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety-related conditions. ERP works by helping people gradually face feared thoughts, sensations, or situations while reducing habitual avoidance or compulsive responses that keep anxiety in place.

This approach is based on the understanding that anxiety decreases naturally when the nervous system is given the opportunity to learn that fears are tolerable or do not occur. Through repeated, supported exposure, the brain develops new associations, increasing distress tolerance, flexibility, and confidence.

In ERP, the therapist takes an active, and collaborative role—helping plan exposures, providing support and encouragement, and psychoeducation. Sessions are structured to ensure the work remains challenging but manageable. Research consistently shows ERP to be the most effective treatments for OCD and related anxiety disorders, with strong outcomes that often continue beyond the end of therapy.

I offer in-person sessions in Park Slope as well as virtual sessions. Sessions are 45 minutes in length and are typically held once per week, though some people prefer to meet more frequently. Additional sessions can be scheduled as needed or on an ongoing basis.

Double sessions may be recommended in certain cases. 90-minute sessions can be especially helpful for EMDR therapy, as the model was originally designed to allow extended time for processing a traumatic memory target.

I have a 24-hour cancellation policy. Your session time is reserved specifically for you. Last-minute cancellations are charged a full session fee.

If you need to reschedule, I will do my best to provide you with other times within the week. Sessions may be rescheduled once (meaning a rescheduled session can not be rescheduled a second time).

My standard rate is $130 per session. Session fees are charged to a credit/debit card at the end of every session. I also operate a sliding-scale fee for individuals who cannot afford this rate. Clients who can afford my full rate make it possible for me to reduce my rate and make therapy accessible for others.

I am currently an out-of-network provider, meaning that I do not accept any insurance plans. I am happy to provide you with a superbill at the end of the month so that you can be reimbursed by insurance if you have out-of-network benefits. This means that you will pay the session fee up-front and then request reimbursement from your insurance provider.

To determine if therapy will be covered by your insurance you can ask your carrier the following questions:

• Do I have out of network mental health insurance benefits?

• What is my out of network deductible and has it been met yet by other medical expenses?

• What is the coverage amount per therapy session?

Your privacy is taken seriously. All protected health information is stored securely in a password-protected, HIPAA-compliant electronic system. Information shared in therapy is kept confidential and will not be disclosed to others without your written permission.

There are limited legal exceptions to confidentiality. If there is concern about immediate risk of harm to you or to someone else, I am required to take appropriate steps to ensure safety, which may include contacting emergency services, mental health professionals, or others as required by law.